QA Testing Laboratories - Significance of Testing Parameters of Coal and Coke

Significance of Proximate Analysis Parameters 


The various parameters of proximate analysis define properties of given coal and coke:

Fix carbon: Fix carbon acts as the main heat generator during burning. Fix carbon gives a rough estimate of the heating value of coal.

Volatile matter: Volatile matter contributes to the heating value of coal. Increase in percentage of volatile matter in coal proportionately increases the flame length and helps in easier ignition of coal and coke. Sets of minimum limit of furnace height and volume. Influences secondary oil support.


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Ash: Ash is an impurity which will not burn. Ash content is important in the design of furnace grate, combustion volume, pollution control equipment (ESP) and ash handling plant. Ash increases transportation, handling, storage cost. Ash affects combustion efficiency and boiler efficiency. Ash causes clinkering and slagging problems in a boiler.

Moisture: Moisture increases transportation, handling, storage cost. Moisture decreases the heat content per kg of power plant coal. Moisture increases heat loss due to evaporation and superheating of vapour. Moisture helps in radiation heat transfer.





Significance of Ultimate Analysis Parameters


The ultimate analysis is useful in determining the quantity of air required for combustion and volume and composition of combustion gases. This information like H/C or O/C ratios is required for calculation of flame temperature and flue gas duct design.

Effect of sulphur content: Affects clinkering and slagging tendencies. Corrodes chimney and other equipment. Limits flue gas exit temperature.

Effect of hydrogen content: H/C ratio is directly related to aromaticity of coal. 

Higher is the H/C ratio, higher will be the heating value and lower carbon dioxide emission during combustion.


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Significance of Gross Calorific Value


Calorific value (CV): Calculation of CV of coal-based on proximate analysis gives a very rough estimate of calorific value of coal but is used for deciding the grade of coal and formula adopted by Coal India is as below:

Useful heat value of coal = 8900 – (M + Ash) 

The ultimate analysis gives a fairly correct calorific value of coal and formula to be used is as below

GCV of coal in Kcal/Kg = (355 x C + 1148 x H + 95 x S – 145 X O) / 4.1868

C, H, S, O are % figures obtained in the ultimate analysis of coal. A caloric value obtained by calorimeter is the only correct value and gives GCV. Calorific value decreases with increase in moisture content and increases with increase in fuel ratio (FC/VM).


At QA Testing We offer Accurate, Cost-Effective Analysis in Accordance with Indian and International Standards in Coal. We are equipped with latest & advanced testing Equipment and Facilities with Experienced & Competent Person. Our Coal Analysis Techniques Are Specific analytical methods designed to measure the particular physical and chemical properties of Coal. These methods are primarily to determine the suitability of coal for coking, power generation or for iron ore smelting in manufacturing of steel, Paper Mills, Cement Industries and many others.





QA Testing Laboratories are following Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS); within the Organization to Ensure Integrity and Confidentiality of Customers, we are also Implementing Integrated Management System (ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2017 & ISO/IEC 17025:2017); to maintain a Standardized Process for Internal Quality Assurance. QA testing Laboratories is Accredited with Various National and International Bodies such as National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ).


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